Neurotransmitter

High levels in urine

Low levels in urine

Serotonin is an inhibitory neurotransmitter and contributes to feelings of happiness and well-being

May contribute to anxiety, high blood pressure, irritability, and low libido

Associated with depression, worry, obsessive thoughts, carbohydrate cravings, PMS, difficulty with pain control, sleep disturbances, and IBS

GABA functions as the brain's major inhibitory neurotransmitter

Associated with sluggish energy, feelings of sedation, and foggy thinking

Implicated in feeling stressed, overwhelmed and/or irritable, impulsivity, anxiety, ADHD, and seizure disorders

Dopamine regulates the pleasure/reward pathway, memory, and motor control

May contribute to hyperactivity, anxiety and schizophrenia. May also be related to autism, mood swings, psychosis, and attention disorders

Associated with memory issues, loss of motor control, cravings, compulsions, loss of satisfaction, and addictive behaviors

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Involved in a wide variety of actions including attention, focus, regulating heart rate, affecting blood flow, and suppressing inflammation

Linked to anxiety, stress, elevated blood pressure, and hyperactivity

Associated with lack of energy, focus, and motivation

Epinephrine (Adrenaline) is heavily involved in the acute stress response and helps regulate muscle contraction, heart rate, glycogen breakdown, and blood pressure

Associated with ADHD, hyperactivity, anxiety, sleep issues, and acute stress response

Leads to difficulty concentrating, fatigue, depression, insufficient cortisol production, chronic stress, poor recovery from illness, and dizziness

Glutamate functions as the brain's major excitatory neurotransmitter

Can cause excitotoxicity, a process that damages nerve cells through excessive stimulation. Associated with panic attacks, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, OCD, and depression

May result in agitation, memory loss, sleeplessness, low energy levels, and depression

Glycine is inhibitory and plays a dual role as both a NT and an amino acid. Glycine improves sleep quality, calms aggression and serves as an anti-inflammatory agent

May be associated with compromised cognitive processing

May contribute to poor sleep, poor cognitive function and issues with memory

Histamine is an excitatory neurotransmitter involved in the sleep/wake cycle and inflammatory response

May be associated with allergy-like symptoms, gastro-intestinal concerns and inflammation

May affect digestion and appetite control, learning, memory and mood and may result in drowsiness

PEA (Phenylethlyamine) promotes energy, elevates mood, regulates attention and aggression, and serves as a biomarker for ADHD

May contribute to anxiety with very high levels having amphetamine-life effects. May be associated with higher cortisol levels

May be associated with ADHD, depression, Parkinson’s disease and bipolar disorder